Connected on 2009-04-24 10:00:00
from , PA, US
- 8:57 am
- Bugscope Teamvac still high
- Bugscope Teammust be some juicy bugs in there
- Bugscope Teamvac is fine, starting presets
- Bugscope Teamhi scot
- Bugscope Teamhey DaddyO
- 9:04 am
- 9:09 am
- Bugscope TeamCool my favorite bugs lately are these guys.
- 9:16 am
- Bugscope Teamnice brochs
- 9:21 am
- Bugscope Teamtrue bug
- Bugscope Teampigment granules
- Bugscope Teamamong the ridges
- Bugscope Teamha I guess they are yellow pigment granules
- Bugscope Teamprehensile tongue
- Bugscope Teamwow nice
- Bugscope Teamthat is one of the nicest of these we've ever had
- Bugscope Teamgood job o ta ku
- Bugscope Teamspyter
- Bugscope Teamthis is nice-lookin' as well
- 9:26 am
- Bugscope TeamI imagine having a bunch of eyes pointed in the same direction is another way of getting quick updates--seeing motion
- Bugscope TeamI think this is a girl spyter
- Bugscope Teami could use some of those
- Bugscope Teampalps are small
- Bugscope TeamGood morning, Mrs G!
- Bugscope Teamhello mrs. griffin, welcome to bugscope
- Bugscope TeamWelcome to Bugscope!
- TeacherHi Scot, we are early for our 11:00 session. Do you mind if we watch?
- Bugscope TeamCate and Alex are finishing up the presets.
- Bugscope TeamShould be fine!
- TeacherIs there any audio or is it all text?
- Bugscope Teamall text
- Bugscope Teamit would be super tricky to set up audio since we're not all in the same place
- Bugscope Teamif we had audio, and tried to listen to (up to) 25 kids all talking at the same time. that would be, well, yikes! audio just wouldn't work well.
- Bugscope Teamsame with video; we want the students to be able to concentrate on what they can see from the microscope and not get distracted seeing us, for example
- Bugscope Teamwe are done with the presets
- Bugscope Teamat the same time we do want them to be able (when possible) to type questions for us.
- 9:32 am
- Bugscope Teammrs. griffin, i just unlocked the session, so you should see controls now in your browser. feel free to drive around anytime and practice
- Bugscope Teamyes Mrs Griffin please let us know if you have any questions, any problems. we expect questions about the samples, how the 'scope works, etc. of course
- Bugscope Teamyou can click on a preset to move to that location, or you can use click to drive and other microscope controls
- Bugscope Teamthis is a fruit fly haltere -- a modified hindwing that helps Diptera (flies, with two wings) balance the motion of their wings
- Bugscope Teamhi meg, welcome to bugscope!
- Bugscope Teamtwo wings, two halteres that beat opposite the motion of the wings
- Bugscope Teamyou can take the mag down, for example, to see where you are
- Bugscope TeamMrs G is the only person with control of the microscope on your end.
- Bugscope TeamBut we can confer control to one person at a time -- whomever you wish to have it
- StudentHow do we use the controls?
- Bugscope Teamnow if you wish you can change to a lower mag to see where you are
- Bugscope Teamwell, only we can transfer the controls, i just gave control to meg
- Bugscope TeamCool!
- Bugscope Teamso when you want us to give control to a student, just let us know
- 9:37 am
- Bugscope Teamyou can choose from among the presets on the right; clicking on one will take you to that place
- Studentcan I select where it goes?
- Bugscope Teamand you can also drive freely around the stage. if you use click to drive, put the cursor on the screen and click once; the 'scope will drive the direction you've chosen
- Bugscope Teamthe trick if you use click to drive is to click to stop
- Bugscope Teamyep, try Navigation: click to drive or click to center
- Bugscope Teamif you use click to center, it is easier to control
- Bugscope Teamwhen using click to drive, you can click once to start moving, then you MUST click again to stop moving
- Studentwe are wondering if the wing has little feathers
- Bugscope Teambutterfly and moth wings have scales that are like feathers. But other wings like flies do not, they are just thin sheets of chitin (same stuff as your fingernails)
- 9:42 am
- Bugscope Teamthose were the facets of the compound eye of the fruit fly
- Bugscope Teamthe individual facets are called ommatidia, and on fruit flies they have little bristles at their borders
- Bugscope Teamthe little bristles, like hairs, are called 'setae'
- Bugscope Teamthey help the fruit fly determine the wind direction as it flies
- StudentSean wonders if the setae are like eyelashes? to keep dirt etc. out of their eyes.
Bugscope TeamNo they are not like eyelashes. The dirt will get on there whether they like it or not, but it doesn't bother them too much. If they need to, sometimes they will rub their eyes with their legs to get off any big dirt
- Bugscope Teamyou can see that the eye is sort of caved in 'cause it is a little dry
- StudentThanks Scot & Cate. We will be back at 11:00
- 9:48 am
- Bugscope TeamSome insects, like ants, have a comb-like apparatus on their forelimbs that they use to clean their antennae.
- 9:58 am
- TeacherHi, we are back. Can we et control on this computer? It is our presentation one.
- Bugscope Teamyou've got control again
- TeacherWe will have a few student computers for questions as well
- Bugscope Teamwelcome to bugscope!
- Bugscope Teamno problemo
- Bugscope TeamCool!
- Bugscope Teamwe can have up to 20-25 logins if you want
- Teacheronce we get the laptops up we will probably have 6 or so
- Bugscope Teamthat sounds great!
- Bugscope TeamHi Annie!
- Bugscope TeamAnnie is our entomologist.
- Bugscope TeamHi everyone
- TeacherHi everyone, we (Mrs. Griffin and Mr. Merrill classes 4th grade are here)
- TeacherWhat will we be seeing?
- Bugscope Teamhello, welcome to bugscope
- 10:04 am
- Bugscope Teamthere's a spider, a yellow butterfly, a stink bug, some aphids...
- Bugscope Teamwe've got a fruit fly, spider, moth, stink bug, wasp, mosquito, leafcutter, ladybug and an aphid
- Bugscope Teamwe have some ants, a couple flies, a spider, a stink bug, a couple beetles...
- Studenthi!
- Studentmy real name is nicole
- Teacherwhat is ut?
- Bugscope TeamHi! Welcome to Bugscope, Nicole!
- Bugscope Teamhi student2, nice to meet you nicole
- Teachersorry, what is up first?
- Bugscope Teamthis is a compound eye
- Bugscope Teamon a fruit fly i believe
- Bugscope Teamthe compound eye is a very cool thing: it's made up of hundred of individual facets, called ommatidia
- Bugscope Teamthe eye is a little caved in since the fruit fly dried out a bit after it died
- Studentthis is so cool!
- Bugscope Teamthose hairs are called setae, they help the fly to sense wind while it's flying, so it know to avoid things
- StudentTHANK YOU
- Bugscope Teamfly's have good eyesight, that's why they are hard to catch while flying
- Bugscope Teamnow you can see more of the stub the bugs are mounted on for today's session
- StudentI can't belive that wasthe eye
- Studentyou think?
- Bugscope Teamthe background is silver paint, around the fly, and carbon doublestick tape
- Bugscope Teamyeah, compound eyes are really cool. each facet (ommatidia) has a lens in it, so the fly brain is processing hundreds of images into a single one
- Studentthat eye is pretty deflated
Bugscope Teamyeah, when the insects dry out, they can deflate like that
- Bugscope Teamif you had compound eyes you would be able to register movement much more quickly
- Bugscope Teamwait 'til you see the mosquito eye
- Student1
- Bugscope Teamyou will notice the same thing with the mosquito eye-- it's a bit deflated
- Bugscope Teamif we let insects air-dry, the softer parts will often shrivel a little
- Studentyes
- Studentare those all eyes
Bugscope Teamyep, each one of those bumps is called an ommatidium, part of the whole compound eye
- Studentyes
- 10:09 am
- Bugscope Teamhuman eyes can move around in the socket, so we only have two lens's. but fly ommatidia lens's don't move around, so they have hundreds of them shaped as hexagons to form this curved surface, that's how the fly has peripheral vision
- Studentmaby
- Bugscope TeamThey shrivel because the water that is naturally part of their cuticle evaporates
- StudentI am very interested in Insects and particuarly these ones
- Studentthats pretty amazing that they can't move their eyes
- Bugscope Teamcool, insects are awesome student2
- Bugscope Teamwhen water leaves tissue and evaporates, changes into a gas, it causes the damage we see
- Studentno wunder they have somany eyes
- Studentthey can't move their eyes/
- Studentso many eyes
- Studentits even more amazing they have so many eyes
- StudentHow many eyelashes do they have?
- Teachercan we look at the mosquito
Bugscope Teamgo ahead and click on the preset
- Bugscope Teamwell, each bump isn't really called an eye (i think), rather the entire set of bumps (ommatidia) is called a compound eye
- StudentHow many eye lenses do they have?
- Studentawesome a misquito!
- Bugscope TeamWell, please, ask all the questions you want. I spent the last 6 years studying insects in graduate school, so I hope I can answer your questions
- Studentanotherstudent is going to use student one
- Bugscope Teamit is preset 5, you should be able to scroll through the list
- Bugscope TeamEach bump is a facet of the eye--the entire thing is the compound eye--all the bumps together
- Bugscope Teamthe mosquito is preset 5, as Cate says
- Studentcool, a misquitos eye!!
- Studentwhat is the scientific word for a fly.
Bugscope Teamthe house fly is: Musca domestica
- Studentwhat are the stuff in the eyes
- Bugscope Teamnow we see what happens when the eyes get seriously dried out
- StudentIt kind of looks like a pattern in the eyes
- Studenti'm back:)
- Studentthey look like wrinkled candy
- Bugscope Teamnormally these eyes would be much rounder, now they look like beanbags because they are so deflated
- Studentwow that is cool
- StudentThey look like bones
- Studentdoes a mosquitos eye react like the flies eye
Bugscope TeamMosquitoes are generally not as strong fliers as a regular housefly. They also do not seem to react as quickly when you try to swat them. So, while the eyes probably see similar things, perhaps the images are not as sharp or perhaps the mosquito's brain is not able to process the images as rapidly.
- Bugscope Teamif you take the mag down you can see where you are on the head
- Studenthow do fruit flies see straight if there eyes are on the side of their head
Bugscope Teamwell, if you notice, some of the ommatidia are actually pointing near the front of view of the insect, so they can see a bit in front. not as well as the side though, that is trye. interesting question!
- StudentWow! The mosquito's eye looks so cool!
- Bugscope TeamThe entire order of flies is Diptera
- Studentthats a weird name for a house ly
- Studentmy bad "fly"
- Bugscope Teamdi-meaning two, and ptera-meaning wing
- Studentwhy are bugs eyes on the side of the heads and not on the front of their head?
Bugscope TeamInsects typically need to see all around them, in back as well as in front in order to avoid predators. If their eyes were facing forward, like ours do, they wouldn't be able to see behind them, and they could get gobbled up!
- 10:14 am
- Bugscope Teamand mosquitos are also flies; they're also in Diptera
- Studentcool name!
- StudentThe misquito's eye looks like a de-flated balloon, and looks like there's veins in it!
- Studentyah
- StudentOh those things are veins?
- Studentyeah i agree with you student 5
- Bugscope Teamyeah, these ommatidia are really deflated for some reason, i don't know why
Bugscope TeamThey are deflated because insect cuticle contains quite a bit of water. When we prepared the specimens for SEM, the water evaporates and the cuticle collapses a bit
- Studentso do I
- Bugscope Teammusca is Latin for fly, and you can figure out what domestica means
- Studentcan this bug look around?
- Bugscope TeamThat is a very good question.
- Studentcan eacn eye see out of its own eye
Bugscope Teamyep, each ommatidia has an individual lens in it
- Studentare all of those little circles eyes?
Bugscope Teamin a way, they are all components of a compound eye on the mosquito. Each one is called an ommatidium, plural would be ommatidia
- StudentInside of the eye it looks like a ballon made i nto a animal
- Studentwow
- StudentI thin they are eyes.
- StudentAnnie, the things in the eyes are veins?
Bugscope Teamno, the sculpturing you see is just wrinkles that result from the deflation of the cuticle
- StudentWait, so those circles are deflated?
Bugscope Teamyep, these used to be spheres
- Studenthow many different types of flies are there?
- Studentthanks for the answer
- Studentor should i say eyes?
Bugscope Teamwell, the proper term is ommatidia, or singular: ommatidium
- StudentI agree with you student #5
- Bugscope Teamsometimes we see compound eyes that are broken open, and we can see, in some insects, what appear to be crystalline lenses
- Studentwhat are those lines in their eyes
Bugscope Teamthe creases are natural folds of the deflated eye, but there are also point- or dotlike substructures to the eye
- Bugscope Teampollen!
- Bugscope Teamthese are some pollen grains on some plant material
- Studentkind of looks like peanuts
- StudentHow fast does a mosquito fly?
- Teachersince so many of us suffer from allergies, we are going to the pollen
- StudentWow, thats a grain of pollen? It looks so weird.
- Studentit looks like a peanut half way poened
- Studentwhat is that
- Studentok, thanks for answering my questions
- Studentgrains of pollen
- Student what are those balls or circuler stuff in the picture?
- StudentIt almost looks like the fruit fly's and mosquito's eyes!
- Studentit also looks like lint
- Bugscope Teamhere you can see there are a lot
- Studentthey looike little peanuts
- Bugscope Teamcheck out the scale bar in the lower left of the image: 1 um = one micron = one millionth of a meter
- Studentcool
- TeacherIan wants to know what the pollen is on
Bugscope Teamthis is some plant material that we received from someone, i don't remember what it is anymore though
- StudentThere are a lot of them
- Studentpollen looks really fuzzy
- StudentI do not commonly suffer from alergies
Bugscope Teamme neither, we are very lucky (high five)
- Studentthat is very interesting
- Studentso that is pollen?
- 10:19 am
- Studenti think thats on a leaf.
- Studentpoo
- Studentthats a lot!
- Bugscope TeamPollen is often a little fuzzy; that helps it stick to things.
- Studentsome of the bals look like they have lips.
Bugscope Teamyes pollen has a seam in it if you look close enough
- StudentIt looks like a pile of peanuts!
- StudentWhat is pollen
Bugscope TeamPollen is a multicellular ball of genetic material release by the anthers (male organs) of the plant. Pollen is what fertilizes pistils on a plant, and what eventually leads to fruits and seeds.
- Studentwell i do suffer from allergies
Bugscope Teamsorry! hope they aren't too bad
- Studenthow muchpollen is in one grain?
- StudentI agree student 5, they do look like a pile of peanuts
- Studentnot too bad
- Studentlooks like penuts
- Bugscope Teamthese are also a little deflated
- StudentI know
- Studenti never thought of pollen being so small
- StudentIt kind of looks like peanuts with lips
- StudentIf you squished pollen would it turn in to pollen dust?
Bugscope TeamYes. Pollen are very small, you would need an ultra smusher
- Studentyeah
- StudentIt still looks like peanuts
- Studentthe bottom thing looks like its going to talk to you
- StudentWow , I'm glad I'm looking at the polen on the computer rather than actually being there because I have allergies
Bugscope Teamthat is what is cool about bugscope -- you don't have to touch the things in the 'scope
- Bugscope Teamif you look at the micron bar you can get an idea of their size. bacteria are often -- the bacilli -- about 2 microns long.
- Studentheh, eye eye mouth!
Bugscope Teamyeah it looks like a face
- StudentIt looks like a face
- Studentthe 2 top are the eyes, the bottom are the lips!!
- Studentit looks like they have mouths
- Studenti see
- Student:)
- Bugscope Teamkind of googly eyed
- Studentmaggie says they look like lirs
- Teacherhow can you get the picture to zoom in to 4,000s?
- Studentit looks like a face if you look at all the things togetrher.
- Studentmy bad i mean lips
- Bugscope Teamwe can set it exactly to 4000 if you want
- Bugscope TeamAlex can do it.
- Studentwhat is the scientificword for polen
Bugscope TeamIt is just pollen
- Studenthow many pollen is there?
- Studentit looks like peanuts
- StudentHow much pollen is in a grain?
- Studentwhat does pollen look like when its smushed
Bugscope TeamProbably not like much...like pieces of the pollen that we have seen today
- Studentif my dog stepped on that, wouls it break open and would stuff comes uot?
Bugscope Teamit is so small that your dog would probably not burst it
- Studentwhat is inside pollen
- Studentfinally i kno whwat causes my allergies
- TeacherHow much pollen is in one grain?
Bugscope TeamOne grain= one pollen...pollen is made of grains and it can be singular or plural. You usually don't say one pollen. Does that make sense?
- Studentwhen are we going to see the butterfly?
- Studentmy bad "know
- Student some of the looks more like circles.
- StudentIt looks like a face,and the right eye has an eyepatch!
- 10:24 am
- Teacherwe are moving to the stink bug
- Bugscope TeamAlex set it at 5000.
- Studentit kind of looks harry up close. IS it harry
- StudentDo bees have to break that open
Bugscope TeamThey chew it up!!
- Studenti never knew pollen was the size of grains
- Studentthats so cool! why are people ewwwing?
- Studentwhat the?
- Studentare those intenas
Bugscope TeamThe antennae are very close to the eyes
- Studenthow does the stink bug see infront of itself
Bugscope Teamwell, those compound eyes have ommatidia that are actually pointing forward, so it can see in front
- StudentI think the stink bug looks neat but alittle disgusting
Bugscope Teamyou are right!
- Studenthow many eyes do they
- Studentsince the eyes on the side, how will it see in front of itself?
Bugscope TeamStink bugs don't really need to see very well. They probably find their food and other stink bugs by smell and by sound
- Studentstink bugs look disgusting to use but not for them
- StudentWhere are the eyes and how many eyes do they have???
- Studentwhat is the stuff in the middle of the face, over the mouth?
- Studentthe eyes are kind of like the mosquitos
Bugscope TeamA little less deflated, aren't they?
- Studentthats really neat
- Studentthe eyes look like a bee's hive
- Studenthow many eyes does it have? is that's tounge.
Bugscope TeamIt has two compound eyes
- Studentit looks like styrofoam
- Studentit kind of looks like the fruit fly
- Teacherwhat is the thing in the middle of the eye?
Bugscope Teamthat looks like a piece of juju-- someone like dirt that doesn't belong
- StudentI wonder why the eyes are on the sides of the stink bug?
Bugscope Teamthey need to be able to see above and below their head, and the head is not mobile like ours
- Studentyes i guess they are
- Studentthe head looks like a caret.
- StudentIs the thing in the middle the pupil of the eye?
Bugscope TeamThere is a tiny piece of goo or dirt in the middle of the eye
- Studentit looks like a piece of squished gum!
- Studentthe thing in the middle look like a very small piece of dirt
- TeacherSean said that it reminds him of a golf ball
- Studentwhat is that thing on its eye?
- Studenthow do they clean it off?
Bugscope TeamMost insects have spines and setae on their legs that they use to clean themselves
- 10:30 am
- Studentthe eye looks like fish scales
- Studentthe eyes have an outline
- Studenta stink bug's eye looks like a golf ball!
- Studentit look a bee hive
Bugscope Teamthat is because like a beehive, compound eyes are usually made up of hexagon-shaped ommatidia because they fit the curvature of the eye the best
- Student do all stinkbugs have that big thing in the middle?
Bugscope Teamthey all have a piercing proboscis in the middle of their head that they use to suck plant juices
- Studenti wonder what the lineing in between the eyes is
- Studentbravicimo for the stinkbug
- TeacherFar off it looked round, but now you can see its bumpy
- Studentwhat are we seeing next?
- Studentit looks like gew
Bugscope TeamIt IS goo!!
- Studentyes i agree with Mrs. Griffin
- StudentThere looks like there is pieces of dust on the compond eyes, do you know what they are?
- Studentreally
- Studentif you go out it looks like the stinkbug is sticking its tongue out
Bugscope Teamthat is a good idea now
- Studentis it hard to see with the dirt in the middle do you think
Bugscope Teamit's good it has so many eye facets
- StudentIt looks like clay
- Studentwhat shape is that speck of dust
- TeacherHow many peices of the eye does it have?
Bugscope Teamthis one someone could likely count and get an average, probably a few hundred. some flies/moths/bees/wasps could have a few thousand ommatidia
- Studentcan't wait to see the butterfly!
- Studentim interested to see what it will look like
- StudentCould a Stink Bug stink up a whole room?
Bugscope TeamMaybe...they can stink up a whole car, that is for sure!!
- Studentwhat are those little holes on it
- Studentit kind of looks like teeth
- Studentloks like a leaf
- Studentthe scales looks like potato chips!
- Bugscope TeamStink bug stink usually smells like rotten fruit to me
- 10:35 am
- Bugscope Teamthe smooth parts are where I put silver paint to help ground the charging from the electron beam
- Studenta buterfly is beautiful not close up
- Studentwow!
- Studentthere like strings
- StudentIt looks like a a roof of a house with bricks
- Studentwhat are the thing looks like a cucumber
- Studentwebbed togehter string from far away
- Studentit kind of looks like kroshay
- Studentit looks like it has been knitted
- Bugscope Teamthe ridges we see also refract other colors of light
- Studentit looks like somone was weaving through its wings
- Teacherthe scales looked stitched together
- Studentcan we go closer?
- StudentI agree with ou
- Bugscope Teamyes, it looks very crafty from here, doesn't it?
- Bugscope Teamin those interstices we see what we know are yellow pigment granules
- Studentare thoes holes on the wing?
- Studentis it pourus
- StudentDo you think the holes help the butterfly fly steadily?
- Studenti mean i agree with you
- Studentit kind of looks like lots of trees with little branchs
- Bugscope Teamyes those are holes; it is indeed porous
- Bugscope Teamscales can act as a defense mechanism as well. If a butterfly gets caught in a spider web loosely enough, then they can just shed a few scales and be free
- Studentwhat are those string things
Bugscope TeamAll of the structure we are seeing are made of chitin+protein+water. All parts of insect bodies are made of that combination in various proportions
- Bugscope Teamscales are kind of like feathers are to birds, but note also what Cate says
- StudentI think this is so cool
- StudentThat is awesome
- Studentif you look very closley it looks like lon gtriangles
- Student what does mechanism mean?
Bugscope Teammechanism in this context means 'a way of dealing with something'
- Studentmy bad "triangles"
- Studentwhat is that powder that you get on your hand if you touch a butterfly's wings
- TeacherIt kind of reminds me of vegtables, because I bet if you magnifie it it would kind of look it
- StudentHow many scales does a butterfly have
Bugscope TeamThousands. It would be too boring to count!
- StudentI never knew that a butterfly wing looks like that upclose
- Studentit kind of looks like zuchinni
- Studentwhat happens when one threads break
Bugscope TeamButterflies can lose many of their scales and still be completely OK
- StudentI agree with student23
- StudentI think more than thousands!
- StudentDo butterflies shed when they come out of their cacoon?
- Studentare those viens in the wings
Bugscope TeamThe wings do have veins, but at this magnification, we are seeing a single scale on the wing.
- 10:40 am
- StudentHow many eyes do butterflies have
Bugscope Teamthey have two compound eyes, and they are usually pretty big on their heads
- Studentwhat is the rarest kind of butterflyy
- Bugscope Teamwhen you touch a butterfly or moth wing and it feels silky, you are feeling the scales, which seem to us like fine powder
- TeacherUnfortunately we need to finish our session. THANK YOU so much!! We loved it and hope to send in our own specimens next year!!
- Studentwhat does a butterfly wing feel like when it just comes out of a cocoon?
Bugscope TeamKind of leathery and squishy
- StudentMonarche's are very common!
- Studentis a butterfly's wing like a moths?
Bugscope TeamYes they are identical. The different types of butterflies and moths vary in their coloration and the shape of the wing. The basic structure is identical.
- Studentbi
- Bugscope Teamthank you for all your great questions, and please do bugscope with us again!
- Studentbye everyone!
- Bugscope TeamThank You!
- Studentwhat happens when one of those threads get clogged
Bugscope Teamthere are so many scales it would not be a problem
- StudentIs it the diffrent angles that the ridges are dose it change the coloir
Bugscope Teamyes!
- Studenti think the wings look like a wooden table.
- StudentHow many microns are in the thing
- Bugscope Teamcolor shows up as the pigment color but also the refracted light color
- Bugscope TeamOK--I have to run. Got stuff to do before I go out in the field today.
- Bugscope Teamoop
- Teacherdoes the moth have ridges on its scales too?
- Bugscope Teamyes they will be so similar we could not likely tell you what the scale came from
- Bugscope Teamsilverfish, some weevils/beetles, and mosquitos also have scales
- Bugscope Teammrs. griffin, all the images and chat for today's session are saved to your bugscope member page
- 10:45 am
- Bugscope Teamhttp://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/members/2008-148
- Bugscope TeamThank You!
- Bugscope Teamover and out!
- Bugscope Teamlater