El Zamorano
Session 2008-005

Application

School

Class

Project

Miscellaneous

Transcript

Connected on 2008-02-26 08:00:00 from , , HN

• 6:57 am
• Bugscope Team6:50AM, setup the scope
• 7:03 am
• Bugscope Teamsample in scope, vacuum on
• Bugscope Teamventing scope, must put in different sample
• 7:15 am
• Bugscope Teamcorrect sample in scope, starting vacuum
• Bugscope TeamIn in a sec.
• Bugscope Teamvac ok
• 7:27 am

• 7:34 am

• 7:40 am

• 7:46 am

• Bugscope Teamhola!
• Bugscope Teambuenos dias!
• TeacherHello
• Bugscope TeamBienvenida a bugscope
• Guestbuenos dias!
• TeacherHi alex
• Teacherthis is edgar
• Guestholitas!!
• Bugscope TeamHello!
• Bugscope TeamQue hablo sólo un poco de español
• Guesthola buenos dias
• Bugscope TeamHola!]
• Bugscope Teamcan't type...
• Bugscope Teamwe tried to make the presets in spanish, hope they are right!
• 7:51 am
• Guestbuen dia
• Guesthi erevy one! nice to meet you all
• Bugscope Teamthis sample has E. coli, salt, and a few insectos on it.
• Bugscope Teamokay, we are ready, the session is unlocked, and you can start driving the scope anytime now
• Guesthello im irina
• Guestim on line
• Bugscope Teamif you have any questions, please just ask
• Bugscope Teamyou can click on the presets (if you are the teacher) on the right to choose another area
• StudentHello!
• Bugscope Teamhola Irina!
• Guestwhy did you say E coli salt?
• Bugscope TeamHello Colosh!
• Bugscope Teamright now, "the teacher" has control of the scope, but at anytime we can give control to any student or guest
• Guesthellooo ppl..good morning
• TeacherI would like for one of you guys to give the students here a brief introduction on how to use the SEM
• Bugscope Teambuenos dias!
• Bugscope TeamE coli, and then salt, sorry
• Guestah ok thanks
• Bugscope Teamscott is an expert electron microscopist, so he can definitly do that for ya

• Bugscope Teamthe SEM is about the size of a large desk, and it has its own electrical supply, water cooling, nitrogen, air for the valves, and its own room
• Bugscope Teamthere is a picutre of the ESEM here: http://www.itg.uiuc.edu/ms/equipment/microscopes/esem/
• Bugscope Teamthe main part of the microscope is a square table that rests on airbags for vibration isolation
• Bugscope Teamwhat we do is put a sample, like that we are using today, into the specimen chamber and pump it down to a good vacuum.
• 7:56 am
• Bugscope Teamonce the vacuum is good enough we can beam electrons down the column at the sample
• GuestI´d like to ask Mr. Scott something
• Bugscope Teamgo ahead!
• Guestwhat is the vacuum?

• GuestI was wondering if you had to take any course or capacitation about these "microscopes"? and how long it taked?
• Bugscope Teamit is a small chamber inside the microscope, and the vacuum is needed for the electrons to capture an image correctly

• Bugscope Teamit is a vacuum much like exists in space

• Bugscope Teamallthough not as empty as it is in space

• Teacherwhat is the difference between TEM and SEM?
• Bugscope TeamTEM and SEM are transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively
• Bugscope Teamwith TEM you are transmitting electrons through an ultrathin sample; it is analogous to a light microscope
• Guestwitch one ´d you considerate better?
• Bugscope Teamhi edgar, you are welcome to drive the microscope
• Bugscope Teamyou should see controls on your top right
• Bugscope Teambut the ultrathin sample is about 90 nm thick and usually made using an ultramicrotome
• 8:01 am
• Bugscope Teammagnify, navigation, focus and adjust
• Bugscope Teamtry clicking on "click to center", then click somewhere in the image, and the scope will move to that position
• Bugscope Teamalso, you can click on a preset, that will take you directly to that location. we made presets of lots of different things
• Bugscope Teaming. garrapata I have been doing this for almost 25 years full time but it doesn't take too long to learn how to operate the microscopes
• Bugscope Teamthe tricks are learning how to handle each kind of sample

• Bugscope Teamand how to maximize your ability to get good resolution

• Bugscope Teamcool, that was good, a click to center.

• Bugscope Teaman SEM is used to image three-dimensional samples; unlike the TEM we do not want to penetrate the surface of the sample

• Bugscope Teamthen you can adjust magnification by clicking on the + or the -

• Bugscope Teaman SEM does not have as high an accelerating voltage
• TeacherDo you save the chat we are doing?
  Bugscope Teamyes, all the chat is saved, as well as images, to your member page: http://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/members/2008-005
• Bugscope Teamthe SEM we are using can handle a sample 50 mm across
• TeacherStudents are trying to copy it
• Bugscope Teamthe chat is being saved, as are the images
• Teacherbut would be better just to gave it to them
• Bugscope Teamso it is not necessary to copy it
• Bugscope Teamwe are happy to have you all ask questions
• 8:06 am
• Bugscope Teamedgar, if some of your students want to control the scope, we can give them control. but only one person can control at once.
• Bugscope Teamah, nice, trying the focus
• Guesthow do you save the image?
  Bugscope Teamimages are saved automatically whenever the scope stops moving. hundreds of images will be saved during your session
• Bugscope Teamthese images are saved automatically.

• Bugscope Teamif you want to make sure to save an image, just make sure you keep the image still for 1-2 seconds. that's all it takes
• Bugscope Teamwhen we use the microscope here we slow the electron beam down to capture an image
• Bugscope Teamwe make the microscope scan with more horizontal lines so we get a higher resolution image
• Bugscope Teamthere have already been 37 images saved during this session
• Guestwhat types of works do u oftenly been asked to do with the microscopes
• Guestoh ok, thanke you very much! you all are very nice
• Bugscope Teamyou can see them at http://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/members/2008-005
• GuestHow do you analize so many data?
• TeacherOK, I went over the controls, now groups are going to start using it
  Bugscope Teamok, but we can give control to anyone who is logged in, you don't have to swtich people to your computer
• Guesti mean their practical use!
• Guesti mean so many images, or you just select the most important?
  Bugscope Teamthere is no qualitative measure when saving images, we save an image whenever the scope is not moving.
• Bugscope Teamwe train graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, mostly, to use the microscope to perform their own research
• Teacherevery 10 to 15 min we will switch
• Bugscope Teamsacoto we choose the best images, as you suggested
  Bugscope Teamoh yeah, when making presets, we do choose good images... sorry i thought you were talking about the images collected on the members page
• Guesthow do you iniciate this program? what was your objective
• Bugscope Teamwhen we use the microscope here it is a little different than what we are doing today

• Bugscope Teampajara we set this up 9 years ago with thge objective of providing a sustainable outreach program -- one that we could afford to support
• GuestHow do you analize live samples? Do you use the same microscope and technique?

• 8:12 am

• Bugscope Teamthis is after we had a very expensive short term outreach program called chickscsope
• Guestplease how can i detect some differences between these images?
• StudentHello Scott! I will like to know what types of lenses you use with SEM and TEM
• Bugscope Teamthis lab has lots of different microscopes, and some of them can be used to image live samples

• GuestDo you use reactives in this sample?
• Bugscope Teamboth SEM and TEM are based on the idea of a cathode ray tube, which is the same as a TV

• Guesthow did you did it?

• Guestthe sample?

• Bugscope Teamthese samples were fixed using glutaraldehyde and an isotonic buffer, probably sodium cacodylate'

• Guestat the beginning, whose people were using the bugscope?
  Bugscope Teamwe have tried to make bugscope available to K-12 classrooms, anywhere in the world
• Bugscope Teamat the beginning we were working with K-12 kids
• Teacherwe are the students controling the microscope and we want to know whats the picture focus
• Bugscope Teammost bugscope members are still teacher classrooms. we've had hundreds of sessions so far
• Bugscope Teamwe still work with K-12 kids
• Guesthow can i get access to use this program?
  Bugscope Teamhttp://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/apply
• Bugscope Teampajara all you need to do is apply online
• 8:17 am
• Bugscope Teamanyone can apply for bugscope, all you need is a classroom with internet access
• Guesthow many samples do you check daily?
  Bugscope Teamthe scope is used for bugscope, but also other researchers use the scope, it's used on average 2-5 times a day.
• Teacherwe are the students controling the microscope and we want to know whats the picture focus
  Bugscope Teamthe focus is simply changing the working distance of the electron beam to coincide with the sample
• Bugscope Teamthe thing in the middle of the image is a piece of the filter, broken
• Guestwhich has been the most interesting sample that you havd ever
• Bugscope Teamthat is a cross section of the filter
• GuestWhiwatch?
• Guestwatch?
• Teachercan we see the bugs
  Bugscope Teamsure, click on a preset that is a bug
• Guesthow can i get some information between contamined sample and non contamined sample?
• Bugscope Teamwith insects/arthropods the most interesting samples are mites and ticks
• Bugscope Teamyou are controling the scope! you can move the scope anywhere you want to
• Bugscope Teamselect from the choices to the right of the chat box
• Teachermites
• Bugscope Teamthose are presets, and if you click on one the 'scope will move to that place
• Bugscope Teammites are tiny arthropods that live on some insects

• Bugscope Teamyay, there ya go!
• Bugscope Teamthis is the claw of a small moth
• Bugscope Teamyou can see the scales, and you can see to two claws themselves

• Bugscope Teamnow if you want to look closer at this bug, just magnify, or drive around it, or focus. you are controlling the scope live
• GuestWhich is the smallest microorganism that you can see with the microscope?
• Bugscope Teamthis, now, is the body

• Bugscope Teamnice focus!

• Teachercool

• Bugscope Teamsometimes it is easier to focus at lower mag, as you can see...

• 8:22 am

• Bugscope Teamwe can see bacteria with this microscope, and probably viruses if they are large enough and on a flat smooth surface

• Bugscope Teamusually if we want to see viruses we will use the TEM

• Bugscope Teamsome of the bacteria in presets #1 #2 and #3 are 2-3 microns in size, right scott?

• StudentWhat's the smallest thing we can see with this microscope?

• Guestso interesting!
• Guestwow

• Bugscope Teamthe microscope has 2 nm resolution when everything is set up perfectly
• Bugscope Teamnotice the compound eye, all those facets are individual ommatidia, each has it's own lens
• Bugscope Teamtry focus a bit

• Bugscope Teamwith the SEM we can get meaningful and publishable images at no more than 200,000x.
• Bugscope Teamif you focus in one direction and it gets worse, then try the other direction
• Bugscope Teamnice...
• Bugscope Teamnice, there you go

• Bugscope Teamnotice the seta sticking out inbetween the facets...

• Guestwwow it 's amazing

• Bugscope Teamcompound eyes have setae on them, they are thought to help the insect during flight
• Bugscope Teamwhen you see those moire patterns you are getting an optical illusion using electrons

• Bugscope Teamthe patterns indicate that you are imaging very fine dot-like objects
• Bugscope Teamyou might try going to a little higher magnification here
• TeacherScott can you switch to "pajara"
• Bugscope Teampajara now has control of the scope
• Bugscope Teamokay pajara now has control
• 8:27 am

• Bugscope Teammaybe a little lower to start

• Bugscope Teamyou can see that the eye facets -- the ommatidia -- have a substructure
• Guestwhat are the little hairs between the eyes of the moth?
  Bugscope Teamthey are called setae, and they help the insect during flight, to sense air movement and such
• GuestI have a question about the coli sample, maybe later could we see the membrane of a cell?

• Bugscope Teamthe hairs are called 'setae'

• Bugscope Teamsure Sacoto

• Bugscope Teaminsects have thousands of setae all over their bodies
• Guestthanks

• Bugscope Teamoh nice!
• Bugscope Teamthe setae help insects sense their environement, through chemo and mechano sensory...

• Bugscope Teamthe setae stick out through the exoskeleton of the insect
• Bugscope Teamthat is great focus and not easy to do remotely

• Bugscope Teamthis is the head of a ladybug

• Bugscope Teamyeah, pajara, you rock dude

• Bugscope Teamwhere you are

• Bugscope Teamit will not have that super fine substructure

• Bugscope Teamthis is the base of one of the antennae

• Teacherwhats the diference on resolution, magnification between tem and sem
• 8:32 am
• Bugscope Teamyou can see the micron bar at the lower left on the screen
• Guestque exito
• Guestim a estudent at zamorano's university

• Bugscope Teamout TEM resolution is 2 Angstroms, and that of the SEM is 2 nanometers
• Bugscope Team2 x 10-10 and 2 x 10-9, respectively
• Guestcan you explain me something about ladybug?
• Bugscope Teamyou are doing a fantastic job driving the 'scope
• Bugscope Teamyes, please just ask
• Bugscope Teamsure, Pajara

• Bugscope Teamladybugs eat other insects
• Guestwhat kind of insect it is?
  Bugscope Teama ladybug is of the family: Coccinellidae
• Bugscope Teamthe Asian ladybeetles we have been seeing lately bite people sometimes

• Bugscope Teamit is a beetle -- Coleoptera
• Bugscope Teamthey taste bad to birds
• Guestwhat' s his importance ?
• Bugscope Teamso once a bird eats one it will not likely eat another
• Bugscope Teamand cats too, often in north america you'll find hundreds of ladybugs in your house, and if you have cats they will eat them and puke them up

• Studentcan you identify the components of the celular walls and that kind of comnponents in your lab?

• Bugscope Teamone thing they do that is probably helpful is eating aphids, which are plant pests
• Bugscope Teamwe can identify those using TEM
• 8:37 am
• Bugscope Teamso we can see the bilaminar membrane of cells, for example

• Guestwhich is the difference between th TEM and SEM about the illumination?
• TeacherScott could you switch to colosh
• Studentcould you please tell me what are the components of the E. coli?
• Bugscope Teamthe hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers
• Guestand contrast?
• Guestcan you give me your email please?
  Bugscope Teamwe can be contacted at bugscope@itg.uiuc.edu, here is a page of who we are: http://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/who_are_we
• Bugscope Teamcolosh, you now have control of the scope

• Guestjust to try to join you sometime
• Bugscope TeamE. coli have cell walls more like plants

• Bugscope TeamTEM transmits electrons through a sample, and SEM beams electrons at a sample but they are not intended to penetrate it.
• Guestthanks

• Bugscope Teamsjrobin@uiuc.edu
• Studentso that that you said before about the TEM means that we could actually get to see the doble layer of the Gram negatice organisms?

• Guestwhich is the difference between th TEM and SEM about the illumination and contrast?

• Bugscope Teamyes if we prepared the samples correctly we should be able to see the cell walls

• Bugscope Teamthe TEM has a much higher acceleration voltage -- ours has as much as 200 kV. whereas the SEM has as much as 30 kV, and we are using it at 5 kV now
• 8:43 am

• Bugscope Teamconrast in a TEM has to do with electron lucency versus electron density
• Bugscope Teamcontrast, that is
• Studentahce you ever used your equiptment at its maximun capacity? have you ever needed to use all that power?
• Guesti want to get some more information about microbiology, it' s for that i want to know if is there any possibility to be with you next year for my practice
• Studenthave*

• Bugscope Teamso to stain a sample for TEM we use heavy metals like uranium, lead, molybdenum, tungsten, osmium...

• Bugscope TeamPajara the best thing to do here would be to work with Edgar's advisor.
• Guestwhich is the wave length of te SEM and TEM?
• Bugscope Teamwe use the TEM at 200 kV when we have samples that can take that much energy and we need that much better resolution

• Guestyes he is my teach
• Bugscope TeamI guess you could say the wavelength is very short, if we are using electrons, because they are so small

• Guestbut , i want to be in illinois for my practice
• Guestit for that , i ask you this question

• 8:48 am
• Bugscope TeamPajara you would want to do essentially the same thing Edgar did when he went to school here.

• GuestScott (this is edgar), could we switch to Anto
• Teacherelectron density is for SEM

• Guestwhat 's the price of a TEM ?
• Bugscope Teamfor SEM we want the sample to be conductive, and we use gold-palladium to do that

• Guesthow it cost?

• Bugscope Teamwe sputter the sample with a very fine coat of gold-palladium

• Guestwhich is the highest resolution of the microscope?
  Bugscope Teamfor the SEM it's 800,000x, but we rarely get good images at that resolution
• Bugscope Teamthe wavelength of visible light is about 400 to 700 nm, or .4 to .7 microns
• Bugscope Teamanto, click to stop moving!
• Bugscope Teamthe resolution of the SEM here is 2 nm, so it is much smaller

• Studenthey, what´s the most important research that you guys have ever done in your place?
  Bugscope Teamwe are in the Beckman Institute (http://www.beckman.uiuc.edu), there is lots of different research going on here. bone scafold regeneration, self-healing materials, etc, etc.

• Bugscope Teamlight microscopes generally magnify no more than 1200x.

• 8:53 am

• Bugscope Teamit is hard to say in so many years and with so many samples what has been the most important
• Studentsince when you started working with TEM and SEM?

• Bugscope Teamwe work with people who study coral reefs, and thermophiles at Yellowstone, and we work with people who are making bendable silicon so you could take a cell phone and roll it into a tube, and as Alex said we work with the self healing polymer people, etc.
• GuestScott, pls switch to sacoto.
• Guest(edgar)
• Bugscope Teamsome of the people we work with are growing nerve cells in 3D
• Studentwow! that´s very amazing
• Guestthanks
• Bugscope TeamSacoto you have got it.

• Guestlooking for a damaged bacteria
• Bugscope TeamWhat we do here is help people do their own work, and we advise them on the best way to do that

• 8:58 am

• Bugscope Teamsometimes of course we don't know how to do something, but we will always try and see what happens and how we might improve.

• Bugscope Teamso we do not get involved directly, usually, in the implications of what someone is doing

• Bugscope Teamthese are ceramic filters; it is kind of cool to see them this way

• Studentbut still you are the ones who drive the equiptment and do the hard part of the job right?

• Bugscope Teamyou will find the most damaged bacteria on the sonicated sample

• Bugscope Teaming garrapata we teach people to use the microscopes and step in when they need help

• Guestthanks

• Studenteventhough you can learn to use the microscopes in a short term, i guess it´s still not that easy to drive it with that exactitude
• Bugscope Teamwe try to ensure that the equipment is optimized for the uses the researchers put it to.

• Guestlooks like a batllefield

• Bugscope Teamyes a battlefield for sure
• Studentwhy did that happened?
• Studentor how? sorry
• 9:03 am
• Bugscope Teamthese are the bacteria that were sonicated and kept at higher than normal temperatures

• Bugscope Teamnow we are at a magnification at which it is difficult to get good resolution using the microscope remotely
• GuestSo the difference between sonicated and thermal process is considerable
• GuestScott please switch to quhhhhhhhh
• Bugscope Teamwithout having looked too close, it appears that the thermally treated bacteria were doing very well
• Bugscope Teamalright quhhhh has it
• Guestyes, i thought it, but why do the coli resist heat so well?

• Bugscope Teambut the sonicated bacteria had big problems. a lot of what we see is the internal components

• Bugscope Teamit may be that their shape keeps them from being harmed, and the heat is not so bad that it would kill them

• Bugscope TeamI think this was 61 C
• 9:08 am

• Guestwhy do bacteria die with sonication?
• Bugscope Teamthe thermophiles we see from Yellowstone live at 73 C.
• Guestcan we go to any bug?
• GuestI mean we would like to see another image..
• Bugscope Teamsonication is intense, apparently
• GuestFor some reason the preset image do not appear in this computes
  Bugscope Teamtry hitting resfresh (F5)
• Bugscope Teamand they are not accustomed to that kind of pressure
• Guestcould you change for them to ticks
• Guestmy colleage has a question, she asked if thermophilic bact dies with sonication?

• Guestwhat can i do to study some bacterial characteristics of some food like pasteurized milk for example
• Guestthese kind of bacteria live in extreme condition
• Guestmy colleage has a question, she asked if thermophilic bact dies with sonication?
• Bugscope Teamregarding the thermophilic bacteria, I am not sure whether they have been cultured in the lab

• GuestScott can we finalyswitch to Ing Garrapata
• Teacherwhathats the differences between tem and sem in focus and lents?

• Guestgarrapata is very lazy
• Bugscope Teamif you wanted to study pasteurized milk I imagine you would have to take cultures, see what grows
• 9:13 am

• Bugscope TeamTEM and SEM are quite different; the SEM is much easier to just walk right in and use

• Bugscope TeamTEM is tricky, and it is hard to see just where focus is
• Bugscope Teamnow try focusing

• Bugscope Teamif it gets worse focus in the other direction

• Guestthanks 4 your time
• Guestbye bye muaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
• Guestthnku scott and alex for giving us this amazing experience!
• Teacherthanks scott , bye
• Guestsee you sir, thanks for all. I was a very productiv session
• Bugscope TeamThank You!
• Bugscope Teammuchas gracias!
• Studentyou were very nice and kind!! thax a lot
• Bugscope Teamhasta luego
• Guestit was a very productive session
• Guestscott , alex and scope itwas a pleasure to you
• Guestto be with you
• TeacherScott
• Bugscope Teamthank you pajara, very nice to meet you
• TeacherThanks for the session
• Bugscope TeamThank you so very much. It is very exciting for us to be able to say we connected with Honduras. A big deal for us, and we appreciate getting to work with you.
• Guestmeet you next time
• TeacherThanks to Alex and Jon too
• Bugscope TeamEdgar we have another session coming up in 15 minutes?
• Teacheryeah
• Guestbye
• Teacherthat is right
• 9:19 am
• Bugscope TeamBye Pajara!
• Bugscope TeamWe would love to see you again, of course.
• Bugscope TeamThank you Sacoto, and Colosh, and Ing Garrapata...
• Bugscope Teamand Anto..
• Bugscope Teami gave control back to "the teacher"
• Bugscope Teamand quhhhh
• Bugscope Teamso it's a different set of people coming on next, shall i logoff all the others?
• Teacherno}
• Teacherthe computes remain the same, just one will change
• Teachere safe time
• Bugscope Teamok
• TeacherI only see four
• 9:24 am
• Bugscope Teami logged off the guests and students that had gone idle, sorry.
• Teacheris there any difference between guest ans students?
• Bugscope Teamnot functinal difference, no
• Bugscope Teambut we prefer people related to the session to login as students
• Bugscope Teamand guests are not related to the session
• Bugscope Teambut functionally they are the same
• Teacherbecause some of the computer didn´t show the preset images
• Teacherok
• Bugscope Teamhmm, let me test something
• Teacherthen I will switch all to students
• Bugscope Teamall guests and all students should see the presets. if they aren't seeing the presets you might try refreshing the screen (F5), and make sure the browser window isn't cutting them off.
• Studenthello!!!
• Bugscope Teamthe recommended screen resolution is 1280x1024, if you are smaller than that, the browser might cut off the right side, which includes the presets
• Bugscope Teamhola ecoli!
• Bugscope Teambuenos dias!
• Studenthello alex
• Studentdo you speak spanish_
• Bugscope Teamun poquito
• Bugscope Teamsolo un poquito
• Bugscope Teamme llamo alejandro
• Studenthola
• Bugscope Teamque pasa amigos y amigas
• Bugscope TeamHola Mariposa!
• 9:29 am
• Studentdo you speak english
• Bugscope TeamWe try...

• Bugscope Teamsi, we speak english better than spanish
• Bugscope Teamyes hello
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teamwe are very excited to have people from honduras for bugscope!
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teambasically we struggle with Spanish
• Studentwe are 3 diferents contries
• Bugscope Teamreally?
• StudentPanmá, Ecuador and Honduras
• Studenthi
• Studentwe are 4 guys ... from differents countries
• Bugscope Teamreally? what countries are we speaking to?
• Bugscope Teamthat is pretty cool
• Studentyes
• Studenthi
• Bugscope Teamcool! my uncle works for the dutch government in ecuador
• Studenthola
• Bugscope Teamwow cool
• Studenthello there
• Bugscope Teamone of our staff members is from guatemala, alejandro jerez
• Bugscope TeamHello Mots!
• Studentwhat this is
• Studentone of the mots member is from guatemala too
• Bugscope TeamThis is an out of focus image of bacteria
• Studentthaks
• Bugscope Teamscott is focusing now

• Studentwhat bacteriia

• 9:34 am
• Bugscope TeamAnts can you see the image now?
• Bugscope Teamthese are E. coli from Edgar's lab here.

• Bugscope Teamyou can see one, at least, that has divided

• Bugscope Teamalmost in the center...
• Bugscope Teampeople from Edgar's old lab put these samples together for us

• Bugscope Teamyou know you are controlling a scanning electron microscope
• Bugscope Teamalso called an SEM.
• Studentok
• Studentyes

• Bugscope TeamTEM is transmission electron microscopy, or microscope
• Studentok

• Studentyes, i read that
• Bugscope Teamwith an SEM you beam electrons at a sample, line by line, and you get secondary electrons back from the conductive coating on the surface of the sample'
• Bugscope Teamthe secondary electrons give us the image that we see.
• Studentwhat is SEM?
• Bugscope TeamSEM = scanning electron microscopy
• TeacherOk, Scott I just went over with the control with all the new students
• 9:39 am
• Studentthaks
• Studentwhat carer are you study?
• TeacherThey will start moving around
• Bugscope Team if the electron beam scans across a very small area you get a high magnification image; if it scans across a large area you get a low magnification image
• Studenthow much does a microscope like this costs_?
• Teacherso same as last session
• Bugscope Teambasically the scope shoots electrons at the sample, they bounce off the sample that is coated, and are gather into a secondary electron collector
• Bugscope Teamthis one cost about $600,000.
• Bugscope Teamin 1998

• Bugscope Teamthis is a ladybug
• Studentwhere are you from alex?
• Studentdo you have also tem??
• Studenthuy, this is wondwrful!!!!!
• Bugscope Teami'm from urbana illinois, 200 kilometers south of chicago
• Studenthow many yaers do you study the electronic microscopi
• Bugscope Teamyes Butterfly we also have TEM. I studied English and Biology in school.
• Studentah, i live in chicago for 1 month
• Bugscope Teamyep, we've got TEM, SEM, AFM, fluorescence. we got it all!
• Studentwhat is afm

• Bugscope TeamI have been doing this for 25 years, since I got out of college.
• Bugscope Teamhere is a picture of the microscope you are control right now: http://www.itg.uiuc.edu/ms/equipment/microscopes/esem/
• Bugscope Teamatomic force microscopy

• Bugscope TeamAFM = atomic force microscopy

• Studentwhat's the diference between TEM and SEM?
• Studentwe dont know , can you explain that
  Bugscope TeamSEM basically shoots electrons at the sample, and the image is gathered by collecting the bounce back from those electrons. in SEM the sample is NOT penetrated by electrons. in TEM, the sample is usually sliced very thin, and the electrons go through the sampe to give you the image

• Studentok.. we are very surprice ... also we like to study microoganism...but we dont have. the equipment
• Studentwhat's the difference betwen tem and sem

• Bugscope Teamwith TEM you are looking through the sample, similar to the way you look through slides using a light microscope
• Studenthi
• Bugscope Teamwith SEM you look at the surface of the sample
• Studenthow much cost a electronic mocroscopy?
• Bugscope TeamHi Colosh!

• Studentso with sem we can only see dry samples?

• Bugscope Teamthe SEM cost about $600,000, and the TEM I am not sure about. It would cost probably $350,000 to replace.
• 9:44 am
• Studentvery expensive

• Studenthi samuraies
• Studentcan we use angstroms?? to mesure the cells??
• Bugscope Teamenvironmental scanning electron microscope

• Studentok

• Bugscope Teamyou can see that we are using microns now
• StudentScott let switch to grasshoper
• Studentbut angstroms, when we use??
• Bugscope Teamgrasshoper has control of the scope now

• Bugscope Teama micron is 10,000 Angstroms

• Bugscope Teamnow we are at 9 microns, and 17...
• Studentin this type of microscope, do we have to put an speciall liquid to the sample?
  Bugscope Teamno but in most cases we have to coat the sample with conductive materaial like gold

• Bugscope Teammicron = micrometer

• Bugscope Teamthe sample is dry and has been coated with several nm of gold palladium
• Studentok

• Studentwhere are the electrons taken from_??

• Studentso, we are gonna use TEM or only SEM

• Studentcan we see the function of organels ??

• Bugscope Teamif you want to see individual organelles you would use TEM

• StudentTHE GRASS IS ORDEN ORTHOPTERA ?

• Studentok

• Bugscope Teamthis is glowing because it is charging up with electrons

• Studentwow
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teamyes the grasshopper is Orthoptera
• Studentiss it the arrange of cell??
• 9:49 am
• Studentare these tissues??
• Studenthow do you put the gold in samples
  Bugscope Teamwe heat up the gold in a vacuum that has a bit of argon gas flowing into it
• Student?
• Studentwhat are we watching right now?
• Bugscope Teamright now, you are looking at scales on a buttfly
• Studentgroup oof cells

• Bugscope Teamthese are probably individual cells

• Studentok, but what are thes holes??
• Bugscope TeamAnnie!

• Bugscope TeamHi all!

• Bugscope TeamWe have a cold sputter head so the sample does not get hot when we coat it with gold palladium.
• StudentTHE GRASSHOPER HAVE TIMPANO, TIMPANO IS THE STRUCTURU THAT PRODUCE THE SOUND?
  Bugscope TeamWell, actually, the tympanum is what hears the sound. The file on the legs or wings makes the sound
• Studentwow

• StudentI ANNIE DID U SEE MY QUESTION
• Studentwith what kind of electrons you beam the sample ?
• StudentWHATS ABOUT THIS PICTURE
• StudentWhat are we seeing?
• StudentAre this holes in the butterfly?
• Studentwhat is the temperature to heat up the gold
• Bugscope Teamthe electrons that impinge on the sample come from a field emission electron gun that has a fine tungsten coating on it
• Studentbut, the air between these holes produce the sonud??
  Bugscope TeamNope, monarchs and other lepidoptera do not produce any sounds that I know of--other than swooshing of wings
• Studentsound?
• Bugscope Teamwe don't heat the gold in this case
• Bugscope TeamWe are looking at a very close-up view of a wing
• Bugscope Teamwe use an argon plasma to knock gold/palladium atoms out of a sheet of gold-palladium
• Bugscope Teama monarch butterfly wing
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teamand the Au/Pd atoms rain on the sample, making it conductive
• Studentwhy tungten?
• StudentAnnie what function that the holes have
  Bugscope TeamThey make the wing lightweight, yet strong
• 9:55 am
• StudentI HAVE A GRASSHOPER AND I SEE HIS ALAS AND HIS ALAS ARE OF DIRERENT COLORS
  Bugscope TeamGrasshoppers often have hindwings that are different colors than their front wings. The hindwings are red or orange, and they are supposed to startle predators
• StudentScott let switch to ecoli
• Studentok thanks
• Bugscope Teamecoli has control now
• StudentIN THIS MICROSCOPY I HAVE COLORS?
  Bugscope TeamSEM is not colored. colored light is at a wavelenght much bigger than the electrons which are used to gather the image
• StudentHOW DID U CONTROL IT
• Studentwhy we can not see the preset images
  Bugscope Teamif you can't see the presets, try hitting refresh (F5)
• Studentok
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teamsometimes, like with the TEM, we use lanthanum hexaboride crystals to produce the electron beam
• Bugscope Teamecoli hit the refresh button on your browser

• Bugscope Teamthis is the claw -- the end of the tarsus -- of a moth
• Studentspecific

• Studentspecific, what is the function of electrons?
  Bugscope Teamthink of the electrons as a light source for the microscope

• StudentANNIE ARE U LEAVING
• StudentHow many claws does the moth has?
  Bugscope TeamOne on each leg...so 6

• Bugscope Teamwhen you see white lines across the sample that means it is charging up with electrons -- that the electrons are not going to ground, or as the British say, 'earthing.'

• StudentI'VE U MORE QUESTION

• Studentwhat software you use to control the electronic microscopic to see in other countries??

• Bugscope Teamwe wrote our own software to control the electron microscope so that we can use it this way

• Bugscope TeamChas wrote the most recent version that we are using now.

• Studentwhich microscope use more wave lenght?
  Bugscope Teamlight microscopes have light in the visible range from say 350nm - 800nm because the wave legnth is so huge compaired to electrons, light microscopes do not see as much detail.

• Studentok

• Bugscope Teamwe usually do not think of TEM or SEM in terms of wavelengths
• 10:00 am

• StudentIN THE ORDEN ISOPTERA ERA TERMINTAS, THEY HAVE BACTERIAS IN HIS ESTOMACH, I CAN SEE THIS BACTERIAS?
  Bugscope TeamI don't think we can see them today, we would have to specially prepare the stomach to see those bacteria
• Bugscope Teamthe wavelengths of visible light are about 400 to 700 nm.

• Bugscope Teamand the electron beam is 2.1 nm across right now

• Studentwhen is there the oportunity to visit you?

• Bugscope Teamso we are much smaller than the wavelengths of visible light, which is one reason we do not see color.

• StudentYES, IN THE TERMINTAS EXIST BACTERIAS
  Bugscope TeamYes, special bacteria that are found only in termites. Some termites also have protists in their guts
• Bugscope Teamwe would have to do TEM in order to be able to see into the stomach to see the bacteria

• Bugscope Teamand far UV is 254 nm.
• Bugscope Teamwe are much smaller than that.
• StudentI READ THAT BACTERIAS HAVE SIMILAR FUNCION A BACTERIAS OF THE RUMEN OF COWS
  Bugscope TeamYes, very similar. They allow the termite to digest the cellulose and lignin in wood

• Bugscope Teamway smaller
• StudentANNI?
• Bugscope Team this microscope can attain 2 nm resolution
• Studentwhat s the latest technology in microscopy_??
• Bugscope Teammy light microscope can see about 200nm

• Bugscope Teamthe latest technology is the ability to see atoms without computer correction of the normal lens aberrations

• Studentboth of the microscopes can be used in all kind of samples?

• StudentAH, THAKS!
• Studentwhat are we looking at?

• Bugscope Teamthis is the head of an ant

• 10:05 am

• StudentANNI, THE EYES OF DIPTERA, WINTH MOSCA, HIS EYES ARE CALLS OCELOS?
  Bugscope TeamMany insects have two sets of eyes: compound eyes and simple eyes. The simple eyes are called ocelli.

• Bugscope TeamAnd Jon also knows how to run TEM and SEM.

• Studentwhat is that in its mouth?

• Bugscope Teamthe 'main' eyes are the compound eyes

• Bugscope Teamwhat we saw was the other jaw when we were looking at the mouth

• Studenthow do the antennas work?
  Bugscope TeamThere are many different type of sensory hairs (called setae) on the antennae. Some sense wind or touch, some sense smell, and some actually taste (like our tongues do).
• Bugscope Teamthis is the compound eye of the ant

• Bugscope Teamthe antennae have lots of sensory setae on them that allow the ant to smell the air and get chemical signals, for example

• Studentwe wanna go to illinois university, how can we go ?
  Bugscope TeamTo visit or to become a student?

• StudentHI
• Bugscope Teamthis is one of the mandibular palps of the ladybug

• Studentthanks
• Studentdo you first dry the samples and then put on the microscope? or what exactly do you do?

• StudentTHE DIPTERA HAVE ONLY 4 LEGS, WHY? AND WHAT IS BALANCINES?
  Bugscope TeamAll insects have six legs!
• Bugscope Teamthis is what the ladybug may use to taste its food

• Bugscope Teamwell, edgar went here, he could probably give you some great advice. i've lived here my whooole life, so i'm not sure what it takes to come here for university studies

• StudentBALANCINES IS A STRUCTURE THAT BE EQUILIBRIO

• Bugscope TeamDiptera have six legs as adults, and two wings, plus two halteres.
• Studentcan you sample DNA with this kind of microscope?

• 10:10 am

• Bugscope Teamthe halteres are what allow the Diptera to compensate for the motion of the wings
• Studenthello annie

• Bugscope TeamHi ecoli

• Bugscope Teamwe cannot see DNA, unless it is in huge chunks, using this microscope

• StudentScott, could you switch control to butterfly

• Bugscope TeamGot it Mariposa.
• Studentwe wanna know more about that

• Studentcould you send me your msn

• Bugscope TeamDNA polymerizes into juju that you can see with your eyes if you collect enough of it.

• Studentwhat does juju means?
• Studenthold on a second
• Studentwhat are we see now
• Student?
• Studentwhat is the maximun size of the samples that the microscopes can show?
• Bugscope Teamjuju means a bunch of slimy googlie-gob
• Studentbetter , i give you my msn and you addme to send information
  Bugscope Teamecoli, you can find out lots of info about us and the university on the internet: http://bugscope.beckman.uiuc.edu, or http://www.beckman.uiuc.edu or http://www.uiuc.edu

• Bugscope Teamjuju is what we call things we don't always recognize right away -- often things that look like grease]

• Studentthankzzzzz annie

• 10:15 am

• Bugscope Teamthe microscope stage is 50 mm across, and we can fit things about that size or smaller in the 'scope

• Studentdo you practice sonication to e coli???
• Studenthttp://www.uiuc.edu is the university s web page

• Bugscope Teamwe do not sonicate the E coli but Edgar's lab here does that as part of their experimentation
  Bugscope Teamyes, that is the website for the university of illinois, in urbana/champaign

• Studentok

• Bugscope Teamwe are in the beckman instutute, it is a research facility, part of the U of I. our group is the imaging technology group, http://www.itg.uiuc.edu

• Bugscope Teamwe should throw in the Hanks' lab web site as well

• Studentdo you have another presets
  Bugscope Teamwell, we only have the presets you see here. it takes time to setup the scope and create the vacuum needed to image with elecron microscopy. so we are stuck with the presets we have right now.

• Bugscope Teamwww.life.uiuc.edu/hanks

• Bugscope Teamyay!

• Studentwhat was the most important thing that you had discovered with the microscope?

• Studentif someone form other country wants to study an especific sample, how can he do it?

• Studenti mean can you sample via internet?
  Bugscope Teamnormally someone who wants to do detailed research will come here to prep and image the sample. there are a lot of details to electron microscopy, not all of them are available here in bugscope.
• Studentok understood

• 10:20 am
• Bugscope Teamwe help lots of people do their own research, and ther are certainly going to be a variety of opinions as to what is important

• Studenthi

• Bugscope Teamwe get to see some pretty cool stuff, including stretchable silicon, self-healing polymers, nerve cells growing on scaffolds people have designed...

• Studentwhat is the composition of E coli membrane??

• Studentok,,, so allmost any student can go an sample,,, is there any fee?
  Bugscope Teamyes, we are open to the public, but there is a fee, all that info is available on our website: http://www.itg.uiuc.edu

• Studentwhat aspects can affect the e. coli membrane?

• Bugscope Teamcarbon hydrogen oxygen, maybe nitrogen, not sure what else
• Studentwhats the efects of the the temperature in the bacteria membrane?
• Studentand the time?
• Bugscope Teamit looks from what we see today like the E coli have no problem with temperatures as high as 61 C.
• Bugscope Teambut when you sonicate them they blow apart

• Studentgreat

• Bugscope Teamthere is a nice view of bacteria dividing -- oops it is gone
• Bugscope Teamthat is why food is prepared to 82 degrees C to kill off the bacteria
• Studentok,
• 10:25 am
• Bugscope Teamyou can see the ceramic membrane filters surface

• Studentbut can we find some AA in the membrane?

• StudentScott could we switch controls to mots (edgar)
• Bugscope TeamWe don't know that much about E coli, especially compared to Edgar.
• Studentwhat are the correct levels of time and temperature to get correct samples???
• Bugscope Teambody temperture is great for ecoli 37 degrees C
• Bugscope Teammots has control

• Bugscope Teamhere you can see the carnage that occurs with sonication

• Bugscope Teamthese little dudes had their ends blown out, and there are bacteria guts everywhere
• Studentdo you have photos of others researches?
  Bugscope Teamon the beckman website, you can find the names and some photos of most of the researchers here. http://www.beckman.uiuc.edu

• Studentwith this microscopes, can we see moving samples?
  Bugscope Teamwell, mostly you don't want the samples to move, that makes it harder to image. but scott has some stories about insects that move around inside the scope. pretty cool!
• Studentthaks
• Studenti would like to know that
• Studentif the membrane has some aa??
• Studentgreat!!
• 10:30 am
• Bugscope Teamscott can take a time series of sugar and you can watch it go from crystal to liquid state
• Studentdo you know what cavitation is?
• Bugscope Teamwe would have to break the bacteria up and figure out how to make a membrane-only prep that could be analyzed.
• Studenthow we can do that?
• Studentok
• Bugscope Teamhe does it to show off his scope every once in a while

• Bugscope Teamisn't cavitation very similar to sonication?
• Bugscope Teamthis microscope is special in that we can image wet samples if we want to
• Studentcan you help me with the web page of the food institute of Illinios University??
• Studentwhat is the main diference betwen cavitation and sonication??

• Bugscope TeamHello Alejandro, Hello to Researchers controlling the microscope. You have the Power.

• StudentScott, pls could you return the controls to mots??
• Bugscope Teamsonication causes cavitation
• Studentyes
• Studentok
• Studentthanks edgar
• Bugscope Teamcavitation is the pitting that occurs as a result of sonication
• Studentwhat equipment do you know is used to practice sonication?
• Studentwhat is the composition of the E. coli external membrana?

• Bugscope TeamButterfly I do not know the specific composition of the cell wall or outer membrane of E coli, I am sorry.
• 10:36 am

• Bugscope Teamsome devices vibrate rapidly and produce ultrasonic waves.

• Studentwhat is the main cause of the explosion of the cell wall?
  Bugscope Teampolymer of disaccharides in the membranes are cross-linked by short chains of amino acids, if enoung force is exerted to these links, they can break apart and the cells will lyce I suppose sonication can cause tares in the membrane this way.

• Bugscope Teamwe have much less direct experience with this than Edgar.
• Studentwhat equipment do you know is used to practice sonication?

• Bugscope Teamthere must be a buildup of pressure within the bacterium due to sonication that causes the walls to blow out
• Studentif I need a specific picture for my research,, can you provide it to me?
  Bugscope Teammany of the images on our website are owned by the research, so you'd need to request to use the image. if you see something you want to use, just email us and we can get you in contact with the owner of the image

• StudentScott, let swith control to ladybug please
• Studentthanks

• Bugscope Teamheat does not do that as rapidly, although as Jon says, once you get to a higher temperature,m like 82 C, you are breaking the cells down and rendering them nonfunctional.
• Bugscope Teamladybug has control now
• Studentwhy just black and white and not colors?
  Bugscope Teamall the images you are seeing are collected by an electron camera, the image is *made* from electrons. since electrons are way way smaller than visible light (color), there is no such thing as color when using electron microscopy

• Studentok, tnaks

• Studentplease, give us examples of thermal bacterias??
• Studentthanks

• 10:41 am
• Studenthi

• Bugscope Teamwe are working with people who are collecting thermophilic bacteria at Yellowstone National Park, from the Hot Springs, and I am not sure those are even named yet.

• Studentis there any way to avoid cell damage?

• Bugscope TeamAlex, Scott, and Annie: Great show on being so early with the session. You are the true troopers.

• 10:46 am

• Studentgreat answer jon thanks
• Studentwhat type of anten is there?

• Studentwhat is that
• Bugscope Teamyou are welcome
• Bugscope Teamthese are palps, used to sample food before eating it
• Studentthanks
• Bugscope Teamthis is one of the maxillary or mandibular palps on the ladybug face
• Studentwhat the structure in the middle of the picture
• Studentscott ,, is there any way to avoid cell damage?
• StudentScott pls change control now to bugs
• Studentplese
• Studentthaks
• Studentwhat kind of carbohidrate has the bacteria membrane?
  Bugscope Teambutterfly, not sure if this is the answer, but i found it on wikipedia: "The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan (poly-N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid), which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape"
• Bugscope Teambugs has control now
• Bugscope TeamProbably no way to avoid cell damage due to sonication...
• Bugscope TeamButterfly we do not know much about the bacterial membrane and will have to look it up...
• Studentwhat the structure in the middle of the picture
  Bugscope TeamThat is a palp, that the beetle uses to taste food and other surfaces
• Bugscope Teamthe structure in the middle of the picture is one of the mandibular or maxillary palps on the ladybug face

• Bugscope Teamit is one of the mouthparts -- sort of a modified limb that they have

• Bugscope Teamyou can now see the other ones, which resemble vacuum cleaner nozzles
• 10:51 am

• Studentwhat are the palps made of?

• Studentwhat is the bateria system protection from the sonication?
• Studentit is incredible
• Bugscope Teamthe palps are made of chitin, on the outside

• Bugscope Teamthe eye can see color and probably U

• Bugscope TeamUV as well.

• Bugscope Teamwhere is zamorano?
• Studentin honduras , central america
• Studentin Honduras
• Bugscope Teamthe shape of the bacterium and the thick cell wall protects it from many things, but if you use enough power you can get it to break open -- or enough heat.
• Bugscope Teamoh, yeah just found it, the website that is
• Studentwww.zamorano.edu
• Studentwww.zamorano.edu
• Studentwww.zamorano.edu
• Studentalejandro are U from guatemala??
• Bugscope TeamIt would be fun to have one of these set up in Zamorano.
• Bugscope Teami would LOVE to visit honduras
• Bugscope TeamThe other Alex is from Guatemala.
• Studentjajaja ok
• Studentyes it would be great
• Bugscope TeamI would love to collect longhorned beeltes in Honduras!
• 10:56 am
• Bugscope Teamyes, we have a staff member bere, alex jerez, he is from guatemala.
• Bugscope TeamThe other Alex (Alex Jerez) is a 3D image specialist.
• Bugscope TeamOne day!
• Studentwecan help you annie
• Bugscope Teamyou won't need a microscope to see them
• Teacherbye
• Studentok
• Studentoh we are leaving
• Bugscope TeamI have to graduate first; then I can go on bug trips again!
• Studentbye everyone
• Bugscope TeamThank You!
• Bugscope TeamThank you all
• Bugscope Teammuchas gracias senoras y senors!
• Studentit was great to talk with you
• Studentbye
• Studentregards to all of you
• Bugscope Teamhasta luego
• Studentsee you the next year
• Teacherthanks for all!!!
• Studentmmmm , you are studying yet?
• Studentwe have to leave now,, thanks for the time we shared
• Studentgreat
• Bugscope Teamyes, next year, for sure
• Studentbye bye
• Studentfremio05...hotmail
• Bugscope TeamThis is a thrill for us, and we very much enjoyed it.
• Bugscope TeamOver and out from Annie!
• Bugscope TeamOver and out!
• Bugscope Teamciao annie
• TeacherThis is edgar
• TeacherThanks guy for your time
• Bugscope Teamhi edgar
• Bugscope Teamit was our pleasure
• Bugscope TeamHey Man that was fun.
• Teacheryou have been wonderful, students are happy and excited
• Bugscope Teamsome very good questions
• Bugscope TeamPlease think about including us in your schedule next year.
• TeacherThanks dude.
• Bugscope TeamThe connection speed seemed to be perfect.
• Bugscope Teamman it is snowing here. i'll bet it's much nicer weather there!
• TeacherThe professor of the School in zamorano, also participated
• Bugscope Teamwho was that?
• Bugscope TeamPajara?
• Teacherand they are also interested in doing a session for the kids
• Bugscope TeamWhat does Pajara mean?
• Bugscope Teamheh
• Bugscope Teamthat sounds great
• Teacheris a nickmane
• Teacherlittle bird}
• Teacherpajarita
• Bugscope Teamright
• Teacherand short pajara
• Bugscope Teamheh
• Bugscope Teamshort pajara -- that is pretty funny
• Bugscope Teamthat was a woman?
• Teacherwell, guy, hope to see you soon, and hopefully weather is a little warmer by now
• 11:01 am
• Teacheryeah
• Bugscope Teamis she/he going to contact us?
• Bugscope Teamokay, thanks edgar, hasta luego
• TeacherI don´t know
• Bugscope Teamno problem we are in a basement as you know and the weather never changes here
• Teacherlet me figure it out who was it
• Bugscope Teambut ask her to contact us and we will be glad to do it.
• Teacherbecause there was four students per computer
• Bugscope Teamwow
• Teacherso there were 28 students
• Teachernot 7
• Bugscope Teamawesome
• Bugscope Teamwow...
• Bugscope TeamEdgar we are going to let the next person on. But please stay in touch, and we will for sure be glad to connect with K-12 kids.
• Teacherso 28 plus 28, there were 53 students
• Teacherwell, there are 26 and 27
• Teacherok
• Teachersee you
• Bugscope Teamheh, okay, i thought i was forgetting how to add ;)
• Teacherbye, and thanks again
• Bugscope Teambye edgar, thanks
• Bugscope Teamokay, session done, nice job everyone.
• Bugscope Teamrxl stopped, session disabled, session locked
• Bugscope Teamchow!